PREFACE
PROLOGUE
Born in an icy cradle — A dry spell shrinks the lake — An underwater forest — Ups and downs of Lake Huron — Impact of climate change
Part 1: Mappers of Lake Huron
1 COMING OF THE MAPMAKERS
Explorers and fur traders — Missionaries — Compilers — A growing portrait of Lake Huron
2 CHAMPLAIN, CARTOGRAPHER EXTRAORDINAIRE
Baptism of a lake — Champlain's dream — Champlain's travels — Champlain's maps — Samuel de Champlain, 1612, 1616 and 1632 — Champlain's triumph
3 LAKE HURON TAKES SHAPE
Nicolas Sanson, 1656 — Francois-Joseph Bressani, 1657 — Francois du Creux, 1660 — Jean-Baptiste-Louis Franquelin, 1688 — Vincenzo Coronelli, 1688 — Guillaume Delisle, 1703 — Jacques-Nicolas Bellin, 1744
4 THE BRITISH TAKE OVER
Gother Mann, 1788 — David William Smyth, 1800 — William Fitz William Owen, 1815 — Henry Wolsey Bayfield, 1828
Part 2: Fur traders of Lake Huron and the Saugeen
5 THE FUR TRADE IN NORTH AMERICA
Beaver hats — Two routes to Lake Huron — Bateaux — Canoes — Corn
6 THE NORTH WEST COMPANY BUSINESS PLAN
London trading houses — Merchants and traders — Clerks — Voyageurs — Indians — A business built on trust
7 AMERICAN TRADERS ON LAKE HURON
Mackinac—crossroads of Lake Huron — A thriving trade on lakes Erie and Huron — Rise of the American Fur Company — An AFC expedition to Mackinac in 1818 — The forgotten coast of Lake Huron
8 FREE TRADERS OF LAKE HURON
Nomadic Métis — The lure of independence — Free traders of Drummond Island and Penetanguishene — Free traders of Goderich
9 LIVES OF THE FREE TRADERS
George Cowan: Matchedash
Etienne Lamorandiere: Sheboananing
George Gordon: Drummond Island, Penetanguishene
Bourassa: Parry Sound
Joseph Normandin: Goderich, Penetanguishene
Pierre Piché: Saugeen
Henry Sayer: Saugeen, Mississaugue
Achille Cadotte: Saugeen
Régis Loranger: Saugeen
John Cameron: Saugeen
Alexander McGregor: Saugeen
Augustin Gonneville Sr.: Saugeen, Sheboananing
Joseph Longe Sr.: Saugeen
Joseph Longe Jr.: Saugeen
Hugh Johnston: Goderich
William Rastall: Saugeen
10 FUR TRADE MERCHANTS
John Askin: Mackinac, Detroit
Merchants of St. Joseph Island
Macvicar: Mackinac, Drummond Island
David Mitchell
Elizabeth Mitchell
Andrew Mitchell
William Gooding: Goderich
11 HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY ON LAKE HURON
An unequal merger, and the axe falls — La Cloche and its outposts — Naming Saguingue — Founding Saguingue — A typical outpost?
12 ANNUAL FUR TRADE ACTIVITY AT SAUGEEN, 1826-1832
Company men at Saugeen — Independent traders at Saugeen — 1826-27 — 1827-28 — 1828-29 — 1829-30 — 1830-31 — 1831-32 — Closing Saguingue — After 1831-32: Sayer, Mitchell, Wallace, McKay
13 "A BLEAK OUTLOOK"
HBC trading posts on Lake Huron
Part 3: Saugeen Ojibway and missionaries
14 RISE OF THE METHODIST CHURCH IN UPPER CANADA
A mission to convert — Circuit riders of Upper Canada — The evils of alcohol — Can you believe a zealous missionary? — Numerous conversions — Ojibway preachers
15 THE SAUGEEN OJIBWAY WELCOME PETER JONES
Kahkewaquonaby (Peter Jones), 1829 — Mission tour of 1829 — Kegedonce converted — Hunting at the Grand River — Saugeens converted; a chief missed
16 THE SCHOOLING OF JOHN BENHAM
John Benham, 1831-1833 — Assignment: Saugeen — By sleigh and wagon — Negotiations — The venerable Whitehead — Expected to die — Métis neighbours — William Case — Final decision
17 HURLBURT AND COPWAY
Thomas Hurlburt, 1834-1836 — Saugeen "progressing" — Saugeen from 1837 to 1842 — Kahgegagahbowh (George Copway), 1843-1845 — General Council of 1845 — Copway disgraced
18 PAUL KANE PAINTS A DISAPPEARING CULTURE
Battle of Skull Mound — Kane sketches at Saugeen
19 METHODIST DAY SCHOOLS SHOW THE WAY
Religion required literacy — Progressive Swiss teaching — Superior education — Residential schools — Assimilation — Resistance
Part 4: The Fishing Islands
20 FISHING FOR FOOD ... OR PROFIT
A diet of fish — Trading with the HBC — Easy profit
21 MCGREGOR OF GODERICH, 1831-1833
The McGregors of Sandwich and the Thames Valley — The bounty of the islands — An attack of ague — Building on Main Station — A silver cloud — Salvaging in 1836 — McGregor moves to Newash — Rescue of the chief — "Perfectly acquainted with the coast" — Bagot Commission — Squatting at Newash — A missionary affronted — Anderson complains about McGregor — Illegal fishing at Lonely Island — Chief Wahbahdick vs. Chief Sacho — From Newash to Birch Island
22 DUNLOP AND THE HURON FISHING COMPANY, 1834-1840
A lease from the Ojibway — Excessive fishing — Expansion plan — Island glimpses — 1839 complaint against HFC — We want exclusivity — Money-raising effort — A sinking ship
23 CAYLEY AND THE NIAGARA FISHING COMPANY, 1840-1848
Negotiating a lease — A deed from Queen Victoria — Default of Cayley
24 MCDONALD, KENNEDY AND SPENCE, 1848-1851
The fortune of 1848 — The legalities of 1849 — And the lease goes to ... — 1850: a wife and a farewell — Kennedy's final season — 1851, a year of loss — The wreck of the Saucy Jack — Creditors' meeting — Southampton dominates as fishing hub
25 HAMILTON, CALDER AND JARDINE, 1853-1856
Patrick Hamilton — James Calder — George Jardine
26 REGULATING THE FISHERY
The encroachers — Void and disorder — A fishery in decline
EPILOGUE
SOURCES
INDEX
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
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